We aim to address the most pressing questions about dementia and the latest advancements in research.
This Q&A page has been curated by our team during Dementia Action Week to provide you with clear and insightful answers, reflecting our commitment to combining the speed and precision of Formula 1 with the relentless pursuit of scientific breakthroughs.
Explore questions to gain a deeper understanding of dementia, symptoms, the innovative research led by our dedicated fellows and learn how you can support our mission for a cure.
Meet the bright minds accelerating dementia research.
Answering your questions about dementia.
As a very rough guide, the early stage of dementia lasts on average about two years.
In the early stage of dementia, the following common symptoms start to affect the person’s daily life:
If you are affected by dementia, worried about a diagnosis or a carer, please contact Alzheimer’s Society.
Visuospatial difficulties happen when the brain has trouble processing information about 3D objects. For example, they might misjudge depth, speeds or distances, which could affect their driving and their ability to move around safely.
The brain’s temporal and parietal lobes are involved in recognising faces and objects, and in judging distances. If those lobes become damaged, a person with dementia may have problems recognising faces or objects.
This causes misidentification.
This happens in some but not all dementias.
The majority of dementia is not inherited by children and grandchildren.
In rarer types of dementia there may be a strong genetic link, but these are only a tiny proportion of overall cases of dementia.
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia.
Other common types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia and Frontotemporal dementia.
There are also rarer types of dementia that are caused by other diseases and conditions.
Some people develop multiple types of dementia; this is known as mixed dementia. It is also possible for a younger person to develop dementia. When a person develops dementia before the age of 65, this is known as young-onset dementia.
There are over 70 rare genetic disorders that cause dementia in children, and right now, they are impacting 700,000 lives globally. Sadly, 75% of children living with dementia have a life expectancy of just 18 or less, and on average, someone dies every 11 minutes from childhood dementia.
Race Against Dementia Fellow, Dr Karissa Barthelson’s research aims to identify similarities between Alzheimer’s disease and Sanfilippo syndrome, a prevalent form of childhood dementia. Her ultimate objective is to develop therapeutic treatments to treat both conditions.
A risk factor is something that increases risk especially: something that makes a person more likely to get a particular disease or condition.
Race Against Dementia Fellow, Dr Jake Brooks’ research focuses on air pollution as a modifiable risk factor.
The term “biomarker”, a portmanteau of “biological marker”, refers to a broad subcategory of medical signs – that is, objective indications of medical state observed from outside the patient – which can be measured accurately and reproducibly.
Biomarkers are a key focus within dementia research to accurately measure and diagnose different tyopes of dementia.
Race Against Dementia Fellow, Dr Maura Malpetti’s research focuses on blood-based biomarkers.
Educate yourself about dementia. Learn about its effects and how to respond.
Stay in touch. A card, a call or a visit means a lot and shows you care.
Be patient. Adjusting to an dementia diagnosis is an ongoing process and each person reacts differently.
Offer a shoulder to lean on. The disease can create stress for the entire family. Simply offering your support and friendship is helpful
Engage the person with dementia in conversation. It’s important to involve the person in conversation even when his or her ability to participate becomes more limited.
Offer to help the family with its to-do list. Prepare a meal, run an errand or provide a ride.
Engage family members in activities. Invite them to take a walk or participate in other activities.
Offer family members a reprieve. Spend time with the person living with dementia so family members can go out alone or visit with friends.
Be flexible. Don’t get frustrated if your offer for support
Communication can be hard for people with Alzheimer’s and related dementias because they have trouble remembering things. They also can become agitated and anxious, even angry. In some forms of dementia, language abilities are affected such that people have trouble finding the right words or have difficulty speaking.
You may feel frustrated or impatient, but it is important to understand that the disease is causing the change in communication skills.
To help make communication easier, you can:
Reassure the person. Speak calmly. Listen to his or her concerns and frustrations. Try to show that you understand if the person is angry or fearful.
Allow the person to keep as much control in his or her life as possible.
Respect the person’s personal space.
Build quiet times into the day, along with activities.
Keep well-loved objects and photographs around the house to help the person feel more secure.
Remind the person who you are if he or she doesn’t remember, but try not to say, “Don’t you remember?”
Encourage a two-way conversation for as long as possible.
Try distracting the person with an activity, such as a familiar book or photo album, if you are having trouble communicating with words.
A report by the Lancet Commission suggests that up to 40% of dementia cases are due to ‘modifiable risk factors’
These include:
Physical inactivity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, air pollution, head injury, infrequent social contact, less education obesity, hypertension, diabetes, depression and hearing impairment.
Race Against Dementia Fellow, Dr Jake Brooks research focuses on air pollution as a modifiable risk factor.
While there are no drugs that can cure Alzheimer’s disease, there are a number of drug treatments which can help treat symptoms and slow progression of the condition.
The main class of such compounds is the cholinesterase inhibitors.
Sometimes people may opt to use drugs which control some of the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease, such as sleeplessness or agitation.
Nor-drug treatments, including practical and emotional support, are equally important and effective.
Yes. In the UK, around two in every three (65%) people with dementia are female and around one in three (35%) are male.
This is mostly because women tend to live longer than men and, as dementia becomes more common as we age, there are more women to develop the condition.
Research is underway to investigate whether men and women may have different risk factors for the condition.
There is some evidence that a head injury may increase the risk of dementia, however, more research needs to be done to understand how it might affect someone. When thinking about dementia risk it is also important to look at the whole picture, because there are many
There is currently no cure for dementia.
There are currently no survivors
Despite this, people can still experience a good quality of life after diagnosis.
Research is vital to discovering prevention and cures for dementia.
Currently there is no cure for dementia.
Huge strides have been made in understanding how different diseases cause damage in the brain and so produce dementia. And with increased funding over the past few years, there are now many more research studies and clinical trials taking place.
Although a cure may be some years away, there are some very promising advances.
There is not yet enough evidence to suggest this and there has not been a lot of research to investigate the link between dementia and MS.
Here is a link form the MS society that talks about the link and why it should not worry people with MS.
Diet can influence four of the twelve modifiable risk factors including obesity, hyper tension, diabetes and excessive alcohol consumption.
Race Against Dementia Fellow, Dr Pradeep Manuneedhi Cholan’s research focuses on the link between dementia and the gut microbiome.
Lack of funding. Dementia research is severely underfunded compared to other major diseases, such as cancer, HIV/AIDS and even COVID-19.
The incorrect belief that dementia only affects older people adds to this underfunding.
Conflicting theories about the cause. The human brain is extremely complex, and dementia is caused by hundreds of complex diseases of the brain.
Clinical trials based on theories involving beta-amyloid and tau proteins hold promise, it will take funding and time to investigate them.
It’s not simply one disease. Alzheimer’s and other forms of dementia may be in fact a collection of diseases, which may have different causes and therefore, different treatments and cures.
Together we can drive forward the race against dementia, offering hope and paving the way for a future without this debilitating condition.
Race Against Dementia identifies, funds and guides pioneering scientists from across the world.
Funding and guiding the brightest dementia researchers
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